|
Author | Reversal agent | Test system | Coagulation test effect | Bleeding outcome effect |
|
Dabigatran | | | | |
Van Ryn et al. [16] | aPCC | Rat | aPTT unchanged | Decreased bleeding time |
rfVIIa | Rat | aPTT decreased | Decreased bleeding time |
Van Ryn et al. [14] | 4-Factor PCC | Rat | PT decreased, aPTT unchanged | Decreased bleeding time |
aPCC | Rat | PT decreased, aPTT unchanged, increased thrombin generation | Decreased bleeding time |
rfVIIa | | PT and aPTT decreased | Decreased bleeding time |
Lambourne et al. [38] | 4-Factor PCC | Mouse | No effect | No effect |
rfVIIa | Mouse | aPTT decreased | No effect |
4-Factor PCC + rfVIIa | Mouse | TT and aPTT decreased | No effect |
aPCC | Mouse | No effect | No effect |
Pragst et al. [39] | 4-Factor PCC | Rabbit | PT decreased, aPTT unchanged | Normalized blood loss |
Zhou et al. [40] | 4-Factor PCC | Mouse ICH | | Prevented hematoma expansion; control level mortality |
rfVIIa | Mouse ICH | | Ineffective control of hematoma expansion |
Marlu et al. [13] | 4-Factor PCC | Human in vitro | Increased amount of thrombin generation | |
rfVIIa | Human in vitro | Corrected time to thrombin generation | |
aPCC | Human in vitro | Corrected time to thrombin generation | |
Eerenberg et al. [15] | 4-Factor PCC | Human | No effect on aPTT, TT, or ECT | |
Khoo et al. [41] | aPCC | Human in vitro | Increased thrombin generation and corrected time to thrombin generation | |
Warkentin et al. [17] | rfVIIa | Human case report | Decreased aPTT and PT | Decreased blood loss |
Garber et al. [18] | rfVIIa | Human case report | | Worsening ICH |
Truumees et al. [19] | rfVIIa | Human case report | | Continued blood loss |
Lillo-Le Louët et al. [20] | 4-Factor PCC + rfVIIa | Human case report | PT and aPTT unchanged | Continued bleeding |
4-Factor PCC + rfVIIa | Human case report | PT and aPTT unchanged | Bleeding stopped with dialysis |
Wychowski and Kouides [42] | 3-Factor PCC | Human case report | TT and aPTT unchanged, PT decreased | No further bleeding |
Dumkow et al. [43] | 3-Factor PCC | Human case report | | Clinical bleeding and hemoglobin stabilized |
Rivaroxaban | | | | |
Perzborn and Tinel [44] | 4-factor PCC | Rat | PT decreased | Bleeding time decreased |
Godier et al. [45] | 4-factor PCC | Rabbit | aPTT normalized, PT decreased | No effect on blood loss |
rfVIIa | Rabbit | aPTT normalized, PT decreased | Decreased bleeding time, no effect on blood loss |
Perzborn et al. [46] | 4-Factor PCC | Rat | Decreased PT, normalized TAT concentration | Reduced bleeding time |
aPCC | Rat | Decreased PT | Reduced bleeding time |
Primate | Reduced PT | Normalized bleeding time |
rVIIa | Rat | Decreased PT | Reduced bleeding time |
Primate | Decreased PT | Bleeding time unchanged |
Marlu et al. [13] | 4-Factor PCC | Human in vitro | Increased amount of thrombin generation | |
rfVIIa | Human in vitro | Corrected time to thrombin generation | |
aPCC | Human in vitro | Corrected all thrombin generation parameters | |
Eerenberg et al. [15] | 4-Factor PCC | Human in vivo | Normalized PT and thrombin generation | |
Dinkelaar et al. [47] | 4-Factor PCC | Human in vitro | No effect on PT or time to thrombin generation Normalized amount of thrombin generation | |
Körber et al. [48] | 4-Factor PCC | Human in vitro | No effect on aPTT, PT | |
rfVIIa | Human in vitro | Decreased clotting time, no effect on aPTT, PT | |
Apixaban | | | | |
Escolar et al. [23] | PCC | Human in vitro | Increased thrombin generation | |
rfVIIa | Human in vitro | Increased thrombin generation | |
aPCC | Human in vitro | Increased thrombin generation | |
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