BioMed Research International

Review Article

Management of the Bleeding Patient Receiving New Oral Anticoagulants: A Role for Prothrombin Complex Concentrates

Table 3

Summary of animal and human data for reversal of dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban using factor concentrates.
 DabigatranRivaroxabanApixaban
 AnimalHumanAnimalHumanAnimalHuman
3-factor PCC Case report +/−    
4-factor PCCRats +/−
Rabbits +
Mice −
Mice ICH +		In vitro +
In vivo −
Case report −		Rats +
Rabbits +/−		In vitro +/−
In vivo +		 In vitro +
aPCCRats +/−
Mice −		In vitro +Rat +
Primate +		In vitro + In vitro +
rfVIIaRats +/−
Mice +/−
Mice ICH −		In vitro +
Case report +/−		Rat +
Rabbits +/−
Primate +/−		In vitro +/− In vitro +
+: effective; −: ineffective; +/−: mixed results between studies or between coagulation testing and bleeding outcomes; PCC: prothrombin complex concentrate; aPCC: activated prothrombin complex concentrate; rfVIIa: recombinant factor VIIa.