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Hox protein | Controlled cell adhesion molecules | Organism | Cell or tissue | Proposed function | References |
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Scr | Integrin subunit (PS1) (+) | Drosophila | Salivary gland | Organ formation and migration | [41, 42] |
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Abd-B | E-Cadherin (+) Nonclassical cadherins (+) | Drosophila | Posterior spiracle | Organ formation | [40] |
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Hoxb1 | N-Cadherin (−) Cadherin 6B (−) Cadherin 7 (+) | Chick | Neural crest cells | EMT | [43] |
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HOXD1 | 1 Integrin (+) | Human | HUVEC | Increase in cell motility | [44] |
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Hoxa2 | Cadherin 6B (−) | Chick | Neural crest cells | EMT | [43] |
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HOXD3 | 3 Integrin (+) Cadherin 4 (−) | Human | Erythroleukemia (HEL) | Increased adhesion to fibronectin | [45, 46] |
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HOXD3 | 3 Integrin (+) | Human | HUVEC | Conversion to angiogenic phenotype | [47] |
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HOXD3 | 3 Integrin (+) 3 Integrin (+) E-Cadherin (−) N-Cadherin (+) | Human | Lung cancer (A549) | Increase in cell motility EMT | [33] |
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HOXD3 | N-Cadherin (−) | Mouse | Roof plate cells | Expansion in the neural tube | [34] |
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HOXA4 | 1 Integrin (+) | Human | Ovarian cancer epithelium | Decrease in cell motility | [48] |
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Hoxc6 | N-CAM (+) | Mouse | NIH 3T3 fibroblast | Increase in promoter activity | [49] |
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HOXA7 | E-Cadherin (+) | Human | Ovarian surface epithelium (IOSE-29) | MET | [50] |
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HOXB7 | E-Cadherin (−) claudin 1, 4, 7 (−) | Human | Mammary epithelium (MCF10A) | EMT | [51] |
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Hoxb8 | N-CAM (−) | Mouse | NIH 3T3 fibroblast | Reduction in promoter activity | [16] |
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Hoxb9 | N-CAM (+) | Mouse | NIH 3T3 fibroblast | Increase in promoter activity | [16] |
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HOXB9 | E-Cadherin (−) | Human | Mammary epithelium (MCF10A) | EMT | [52] |
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HOXA10 | E-Cadherin (+) | Human | Endometrial carcinoma (SPEC2, KLE) | MET | [53] |
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HOXA10 | 3 Integrin (+) | Human | Endometrium | Pathway regulated by sex steroid | [54] |
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HOXA10 | 3 Integrin (+) | Human | Myeloma (U937) | Increased adhesion to fibronectin | [55] |
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HOXA11 | 8 Integrin (+) | Human | Embryonic kidney 239 | Branching morphogenesis | [56] |
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Hoxa13 | EphrinA7 (+) | Mouse | Mesenchyme in limb bud | Cell sorting | [57] |
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