Neuropeptide Substance P Improves Osteoblastic and Angiogenic Differentiation Capacity of Bone Marrow Stem Cells In Vitro

Figure 4

SP increased the cell migration and VEGF expression of BMSCs. SP clearly increased the migration ability of BMSCs as of day 7 and day 9 (a); VEGF was also elevated by SP treatment on day 7 and day 9 ((c), (d)). The transwell migration assays confirmed that the rate of cell migration in the SP group was higher (4.78±1.77) than in the control group (1.11±0.49, (b)).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)