Three-Dimensional In Vitro Models of Granuloma to Study Bacteria-Host Interactions, Drug-Susceptibility, and Resuscitation of Dormant Mycobacteria

Table 1

Three-dimensional in vitro granuloma models.

Bacteria	Cells	MOI (bacteria : cells)	Extracellular matrix	Growth medium	Days	Year	Reference
M. tuberculosis and M. bovis	Human PBMCs	1 : 150	Agarose coated 96-well tissue culture plates	RPMI-1640, 100 U/mL penicillin G, 100 μg/mL streptomycin, and 10% FCS	7	2003	[60]
M. tuberculosis	Human PBMCs and autologous macrophages (1 : 1)	1 : 4–40 for host cell cytokine production	Ultralow attachment 24-well tissue culture plates	RPMI-1640, 10% human serum	9	2007	[61]
M. tuberculosis	Human PBMCs and autologous macrophages (1 : 1), extra nonadherent PBMCs added at 2 and 5 days	1 : 400–4000 for histology and immunostaining	Ultralow attachment 24-well tissue culture plates	RPMI-1640, 10% human serum	9	2007	[61]
M. tuberculosis	Human PBMCs	1 : 10	0.95 mL collagen solution, 50 μL 10xDPBS, 4 μL fibronectin, 10 μL 1 N NaOH	RPMI-1640, 20% human serum	8	2013	[62]
M. leprae	Human macrophages and autologous PBMCs (1 : 5)	50 : 1	24-well tissue culture plates	RPMI-1640, 20% FCS	10	2013	[63]
M. bovis	Human PBMCs	1 : 10	24-well tissue culture plates	RPMI-1640, 10% human serum, 300 U/mL penicillin, 0.3 mg/mL streptomycin	15	2004	[64]
M. avium subsp paratuberculosis	Bovine PBMCs	1 : 8 and 1 : 16	0.95 mL bovine collagen solution, 50 μL 10xDPBS, 4 μL fibronectin (1 mg/mL), 10 μL 1 N NaOH	RPMI-1640, 100 U/mL penicillin G, 100 μg/mL streptomycin, 20% FBS	10	2014	Current report

FCS: fetal calf serum; PBMCs: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; DPBS: Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline; FBS: fetal bovine serum.