Apoptotic and Inhibitory Effects on Cell Proliferation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells by Methanol Leaf Extract of Costus speciosus

Table 1

Cytotoxic effect of various doses of methanol and hexane leaf extracts of Costus speciosus or sorafenib for 24 h and 48 h incubations.

Source	Concentration	% viability
		24 h	48 h
Methanol extract	Control	100.0 ± 7.2^a	100.0 ± 11.1^a
	1 𝜇g/mL	100.7 ± 0.7^a	100.9 ± 0.6^a
	10 𝜇g/mL	102.1 ± 1.1^a	98.8 ± 5.4^a
	50 𝜇g/mL	89.6 ± 3.4^b	86.2 ± 4.7^b
	100 𝜇g/mL	43.9 ± 2.5^c	32.1 ± 4.9^c
	200 𝜇g/mL	7.3 ± 0.3^d	6.4 ± 0.1^d
Hexane extract	Control	100.0 ± 7.2^a	ND
	1 𝜇g/mL	99.8 ± 2.9^a	ND
	10 𝜇g/mL	99.7 ± 5.1^a	ND
	50 𝜇g/mL	99.3 ± 2.9^a	ND
	100 𝜇g/mL	89.9 ± 5.5^a	ND
	200 𝜇g/mL	84.9 ± 8.4^a	ND
Sorafenib	Control	100.0 ± 7.2^a	100.0 ± 11.1^a
	1 μg/mL	74.1 ± 6.1^b	27.7 ± 2.1^b
	10 𝜇g/mL	30.3 ± 2.9^c	22.6 ± 1.2^b
	50 𝜇g/mL	10.1 ± 0.9^d	5.5 ± 0.2^c
	100 𝜇g/mL	7.4 ± 0.9^d	1.0 ± 0.4^c
	200 𝜇g/mL	3.6 ± 0.7^d	0.8 ± 0.6^c

The percentage of cell viability was measured by MTS assay. Data are presented as mean ± SD of three replicates from three independent experiments. Values that are not sharing the same superscript letter differ significantly (𝑃<0.05) compared to control. NA: not applicable; ND: not determined due to no effect