Shear Stress, Energy Losses, and Costs: A Resolved Dilemma of Pulsatile Cardiac Assist Devices
Figure 6
(a) Pulsatile LVAD perfusion curve in ischemic piglets. Unsynchronized pulsations with heartbeat perfusion curve with nearly physiological pulse pressure. (b) Pulsatile LVAD in piglet ischemic model. Left panel: massive myocardial ischemic zone after LAD ligation; right panel: clearance of the ischemic zone after 15 min of pulsatile LVAD (roller pump + pulsatile tube). 1 is aortic cannula; 2 is LAD permanent snugger; 3 is left ventricular apical vent; 4 is intrainfudibular pulmonary artery and Millar right ventricular pressure catheters; 5 is right atrium pressure line. 6 (c) Hemodynamic results of pulsatile and nonpulsatile left ventricular assist device in ischemic piglet model. P: pulsatile group; NP: nonpulsatile group; MAP: mean arterial pressure (mmHg); CO: cardiac output (L/min); SVRI: systemic vascular resistance index (dynes·s·cm−5/kg−1); PVRI: pulmonary vascular resistance index (dynes·s·cm−5/kg). T1: baseline; T2: 1 h of myocardial ischemia; T3: 1 h after treatment.
