Shear Stress, Energy Losses, and Costs: A Resolved Dilemma of Pulsatile Cardiac Assist Devices

Figure 8

Main momentum energy losses zones within a CPB perfusion circuit [15]. Z0 = conventional CBP (1); Z1 = post-oxygenator (2) arterial line; Z2 = pulsatile tube; Z3 = pre-aortic cannula zone; Z4 = aortic cannula; Z5 = patient.