Ruscogenin Ameliorates Experimental Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis via Suppressing Lipogenesis and Inflammatory Pathway

Table 2

Effects of ruscogenin on insulin sensitivity, plasma lipid profile and free fatty acid, and hepatic lipids of hamsters.

	RCD-fed	HFD-fed
	Vehicle	Vehicle	Ruscogenin (mg/kg/day)
			0.3	1.0	3.0
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)	92.2 ± 3.8^d	156.4 ± 4.1^b	143.6 ± 4.1^b,c	139.6 ± 3.9^b,c	130.5 ± 2.9^b,c
Plasma insulin (mU)	21.7 ± 0.3^d	40.8 ± 0.5^b	37.6 ± 0.4^b,c	32.2 ± 0.3^b,c	29.0 ± 0.3^a,d
HOMA-IR	4.9 ± 0.2	15.7 ± 0.2^b	13.3 ± 0.3^b,c	11.1 ± 0.3^b,c	9.5 ± 0.3^b,d
Plasma TC (mg/dL)	115.1 ± 3.1^d	257.8 ± 4.4^b	196.2 ± 5.1^b,c	178.0 ± 3.9^b,c	155.8 ± 4.2^a,d
Plasma TG (mg/dL)	90.2 ± 2.1^d	157.0 ± 3.9^b	130.9 ± 4.1^b,c	118.6 ± 3.1^a,c	109.7 ± 3.3^a,d
Plasma LDL (mg/dL)	49.0 ± 3.8^d	197.2 ± 5.4^b	132.9 ± 6.9^b,c	113.7 ± 6.1^b,c	90.1 ± 5.4^a,d
Plasma HDL (mg/dL)	48.1 ± 3.0^c	29.9 ± 2.9^a	37.1 ± 3.1^a,c	40.5 ± 4.1^a,c	43.7 ± 3.6^c
Plasma FFAs (mg/dL)	29.9 ± 3.3^d	60.2 ± 4.4^b	53.7 ± 4.2^b	48.0 ± 3.7^a,c	37.2 ± 3.5^a,d
Hepatic TC (µmol/g liver)	9.9 ± 0.8^d	19.2 ± 1.4^b	17.3 ± 1.1^b	15.5 ± 0.9^b,c	13.7 ± 1.4^a,c
Hepatic TG (µmol/g liver)	8.6 ± 0.8^d	17.0 ± 1.7^b	15.7 ± 1.8^b	12.3 ± 1.9^b,c	11.0 ± 1.2^a,c

The vehicle (distilled water) used to prepare the tested medication solution was given at the same volume. Values (mean ± SEM) were obtained from each group of 8 animals after 8 weeks of the experimental period. ^a𝑃<0.05 and ^b𝑃<0.01 compared to the values of vehicle-treated RCD-fed hamsters in each group, respectively. ^c𝑃<0.05 and ^d𝑃<0.01 compared to the values of vehicle-treated HFD-fed hamsters in each group, respectively.