VO₂ Kinetics and Metabolic Contributions Whilst Swimming at 95, 100, and 105% of the Velocity at VO_2max

Table 1

Mean ± SD values for VO_2max, HR_max, R, Ve, and [La⁻]_max obtained at the end of the incremental protocol and the time to exhaustion tests (𝑛=12).

	Incremental protocol	95% of vVO2max	100% of vVO2max	105% of vVO2max
VO2max (L·min^−1)	4.21±0.61	4.36±0.55	4.41±0.74	4.24±0.64
VO2max (mL·kg^−1·min^−1)	60.75±5.17	61.34±5.58	60.05±6.10	59.78±6.45
HRmax (beats·min^−1)	180.6±6.96	176.75±9.63	176.91±8.57	177.00±8.90
R	0.93±0.05	0.95±0.06	1.01±0.09	0.97±0.06
Ve (L·min^−1)	112.04±23.38	116.54±21.94	115.75±34.25	119.27±17.17
[La^−]max (mmol·L^−1)	7.18±2.52	8.04±1.70	8.86±1.63	8.45±1.91

VO_2max = maximal oxygen uptake; HR_max = maximal heart rate; R = respiratory quotient; Ve = ventilation; [La⁻]_max = maximal blood lactate concentrations.