Normoxic and Hyperoxic Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Congenital Heart Disease

Figure 2

Schematic representation of selected consequences of hypoxia in the cardiomyocyte. Shown here are five different downstream chains of events initiated under hypoxic conditions in the cardiomyocyte. These pathways have significant horizontal interaction which synergises and amplify the outcome, and not all of these events occur synchronously or in all contexts. A reduction in ATP production and MPTP opening alongside PKC activation are early consequences of acute ischaemia, whilst the effectors of HIF-1 occur sometime later.