Biologic Propensities and Phytochemical Profile of Vangueria madagascariensis J. F. Gmelin (Rubiaceae): An Underutilized Native Medicinal Food Plant from Africa
Table 10
Total phenolic, flavonoid, and proanthoyanidin contents of extracts.
Plant extracts
Decoction
Methanol
F
One way ANOVA
P value (post hoc)
Total phenolic content (mg GAE/g fresh weight)a
Leaf
58.56 ± 1.17
122.22 ± 1.02
1.16
<0.05*
Unripe fruit
35.00 ± 0.33d
70.33 ± 0.33d
<0.05*
Ripe fruit
37.00 ± 0.88d
61.22 ± 1.07d
<0.05*
Seed
35.67 ± 0.33
67.33 ± 3.53
<0.05*
Total flavonoid content (mg RE/g fresh weight)b
Leaf
8.90 ± 0.35
9.00 ± 0.05
61.06
>0.05
Unripe fruit
8.43 ± 0.18
7.55 ± 0.26d
<0.05*
Ripe fruit
8.00 ± 0.13
8.20 ± 0.07d
>0.05
Seed
6.72 ± 0.04
7.13 ± 0.13
>0.05
Total proanthocyanidins (mg CE/g fresh weight)c
Leaf
159.32 ± 5.43
185.72 ± 1.14
563.37
<0.05*
Unripe fruit
78.65 ± 2.86d
154.92 ± 3.54d
<0.05*
Ripe fruit
159.50 ± 2.75d
134.57 ± 2.60d
<0.05*
Seed
60.87 ± 4.41
42.53 ± 6.06
<0.05*
All data are shown as mean ± SD in triplicates; adata are expressed as mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g fresh weight; bdata are expressed as mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g fresh weight; cdata are expressed as mg catechin equivalent (CE)/g fresh weight; dsignificant difference (P < 0.05) exists between ripe fruit and unripe fruit samples extracted using same solvent. Refer to text. < 0.05 is considered as statistically significant.