From Structure to Catalysis: Recent Developments in the Biotechnological Applications of Lipases

Table 1

Examples of lipase improvement using protein engineering (from 2007 to 2013).

Enzyme	Protein engineering approach	Substrate	Optimization	Reference
Lipase B from; Candida  antarctica (CalB)	Circular permutation	2-(3-Fluoro-4-phenyl-phenyl)propionic acid and others	𝐸wt (R) = 25; 𝐸ep (R) = 40	Qian et al. [87]
Rhizomucor  miehei lipase	Site-directed mutagenesis	p-Nitrophenyl caprylate	5-fold more thermal stability; at 60°C	Han et al. [88]
Bacillus  pumilus lipase	DNA shuffling	p-Nitrophenyl palmitate	8-fold specific activity; 9-fold half life	Akbulut et al. [78]
Rhizopus  chinensis lipase	Error-prone PCR/DNA shuffling	p-Nitrophenyl palmitate	20°C enhancement in; thermal stability	Yu et al. [77]
Lipase A from; Pseudomonas  aeruginosa (PAL)	ISM	2-Methyldecanoic acid p-nitrophenyl ester and other derivatives	𝐸wt (S) = 1.1; 𝐸ep (S) = 594	Reetz et al. [89]
Lipase from; Yarrowia  lipolytica (Lip2p)	Rational design	2-Bromo-phenylacetic acid ethyl ester and 2-bromo-o-tolylacetic acid ethyl ester	𝐸wt (S) = 5.5 𝐸ep (S) = 59; and 𝐸wt (S) = 27 𝐸ep (S) = 111	Bordes et al. [75]
Lipase A from; Candida  antarctica (CalA)	CASTing	2-Phenyl propanoicacid p-nitrophenylester	𝐸wt (S) = 20; 𝐸ep (R) = 276	Engström et al. [74]