Review Article

The Possible Role of Extravillous Trophoblast-Derived Exosomes on the Uterine Spiral Arterial Remodeling under Both Normal and Pathological Conditions

Table 1

Effects of exosomes vesicles on cell target.

Vesicles sourceIsolation methodsCell targetBiological functionEffectReferences

Cytotrophoblast cellsUT + sucrose continuous gradientEVT (HTR-8/Svneo)Invasion and proliferationPromote[65]
pMSCUT + 30% sucrose cushionhPMECMigration and proliferationPromote[58]
Maternal plasmaUT + sucrose continuous gradientHUVECMigrationPromote[64]
Trophoblast (Swan 71)UTMonocytesMigration Promote[54]
Chorionic villi explantUT + sucrose continuous gradientJurkat T cells and PBMCApoptosisPromote[77]
Trophoblast cellsUT + 30% sucrose cushionHUVECViral infectionResistance[78]
Human macrophagesUT + sucrose continuous gradientEndothelial cellMigrationDecrease[79]
CML cellsUT + 30% sucrose cushionHUVECMigrationPromote[80]
Dendritic cellsUT + 30% sucrose cushionPBMCMigrationPromote[81]
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma cellsUT + sucrose continuous gradientEndothelial cellsMigrationPromote[82]
HUVECUTSMCsmiRNAs expressionTransfer miRNAs[83]

UT: ultracentrifugation (>100,000 ×g); EVT: extravillous trophoblast; pMSC: placental mesenchymal stem cells; hPMEC: human placental microvascular endothelial cells; HUVEC: human umbilical vein endothelial cells; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; CML: chronic myelogenous leukemia; SMCs: smooth muscle cells.