Cardiac Electrophysiological Alterations in Heart/Muscle-Specific Manganese-Superoxide Dismutase-Deficient Mice: Prevention by a Dietary Antioxidant Polyphenol
Figure 1
Effects of chronic apple polyphenols (AP) intake on life span, heart weights, and electrocardiograms (ECG) in control and H/M-Sod2 −/− mice. (a) Survival curves of 4 experimental groups. Control, , control + AP, , H/M-Sod2 −/−, , H/M-Sod2 −/− + AP, . (b) Heart weight normalized by body weight in 4 experimental groups. Control, , control + AP, , H/M-Sod2 −/−, , H/M-Sod2 −/− + AP, . (c) Representative records of surface ECG (lead II) in control and H/M-Sod2 −/− mice. (d) QRS durations, (e) PR intervals, and (f) QT intervals of ECG recorded in 4 experimental groups. ((a)–(e)) Control, , control + AP, , H/M-Sod2 −/−, , H/M-Sod2 −/− + AP, . (f) Control, , control + AP, , H/M-Sod2 −/−, , H/M-Sod2 −/− + AP, . Values are mean ± SEM, ***, **, *.