Neuroanatomical Classification in a Population-Based Sample of Psychotic Major Depression and Bipolar I Disorder with 1 Year of Diagnostic Stability

Table 1

Demographic and clinical information for patients with first-episode of psychotic mania (BD-I), psychotic major depression (MDD), and subsamples of matched healthy controls (HC).

	BD-I	HC 1	MDD	HC 2	Statistical tests
	(𝑛=23)	(𝑛=33)	(𝑛=19)	(𝑛=38)
Age (mean ± SD)	27.09±8.87	27.55±6.41	29.05±8.34	29.66±7.92	𝑡=0.734, df = 40, 𝑃=0.467
Gender (number of males; %)	9 (39.1%)	13 (39.4%)	4 (21.1%)	8 (21.1%)	𝜒^2=1.59, df = 1, 𝑃=0.207
Handedness (number of right-handed; %)	23 (100%)	32 (97.0%)	16 (84.2%)	35 (92.1%)	𝝌^𝟐  =  3.91, df = 1, P  = 0.048
Substance misuse^a	7 (30.4%)	—	3 (15.8%)	—
Duration of illness (days; mean ± sd)	184.5±130.7	—	250.8±205.7	—	Mann-Whitney test, 𝑃=0.441
Duration of untreated psychosis (days; mean ± sd)	44.3±57.2	—	43.0±48.3	—	Mann-Whitney test, 𝑃=0.595
Medication use at the MRI (𝑛; %)
Antipsychotics	10 (43.5%)	—	15 (78.9%)	—	𝝌^𝟐  =  5.43, df = 1, P = 0.020
Mood stabilizers^b	12 (52.2%)	—	4 (21.1%)	—	𝝌^𝟐  =  4.27, df = 1, P = 0.039
Antidepressants	1 (4.3%)	—	10 (52.6%)	—	𝝌^𝟐  =  12.54, df = 1, P < 0.001

BD-I: bipolar I disorder (FE mania); MDD: major depressive disorder; HC 1: subsample of healthy controls selected for the comparison with BD-I patients; HC 2: subsample of healthy controls selected for the comparison with patients with psychotic MDD; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging.
aNumber of patients with a positive diagnosis of DSM-IV substance use disorder (prevalence).
bLithium, carbamazepine, and/or sodium valproate/divalproex.
We have set in bold the results that present statistical difference.