Habitual Coffee Consumption Enhances Attention and Vigilance in Hemodialysis Patients

Table 3

Influence of habitual caffeine consumption on cognitive performance in multiple domains on MoCA.

MoCA cognitive domain	Noncoffee users (𝑛=19)	Habitual coffee users (𝑛=67)	𝑃
MoCA, total score median	22.0 (7–28)	23.0 (11–29)	0.190
Visuospatial abilities	2.3±1.6 (0–4)	2.7±1.4 (0–4)	0.225
Executive functions	1.3±1.2 (0–4)	1.8±1.2 (0–4)	0.102
Attention	4.2±1.5 (1–6)	4.9±1.1 (0–6)	0.024
Language	4.6±1.1 (2–6)	4.9±1.1 (1–6)	0.333
The short-term memory recall task	1.9±1.5 (0–5)	2.0±1.5 (0–5)	0.805
Orientation	5.5±1.0 (3–6)	5.8±0.5 (4–6)	0.193

Values are expressed as mean ± SD (range).