Demographic Characteristics, Nicotine Dependence, and Motivation to Quit as Possible Determinants of Smoking Behaviors and Acceptability of Shocking Warnings in Italy

Table 4

Multivariate logistic models to evaluate the effect of the pictorial shocking warnings.

Independents variables	Outcomes
	Agree with the fact that the shocking images; used on cigarette boxes have greater effect; than simple warning text currently used		Agree to change your favorite cigarettes; brand if a new look with shocking images on; smoking health damage was adopted by the; cigarette company
	OR	CI 95%	OR	CI 95%
<45* versus ≥45 years	0.59	0.36–0.97	0.96	0.61–1.50
Male* versus female	0.64	0.39–1.07	0.68	0.44–1.07
Low* versus high motivation to quit	1.30	0.78–2.15	0.62	0.58–1.39
Low* versus high nicotine dependence	0.46	0.26–0.84	1.5	0.94–2.38
Hosmer and Lemeshow's 𝑃 value test			0.46

∗Reference group.