Research Article
Helicobacter pylori in Vegetables and Salads: Genotyping and Antimicrobial Resistance Properties
Table 2
Distribution of Helicobacter pylori genotypes isolated from washed and unwashed vegetables and commercial and traditional salads in Iran.
| | Types and numbers of samples | Helicobacter pylori
positive (%) | Genotypes (%) | | vacA | cagA | iceA | oipA | | S1a | S1b | S1c | S2 | M1a | M1b | M2 | IceA1 | IceA2 |
| | Salads | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Traditional (25) | 5 (20) | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 5 | | Commercial (25) | 2 (8) | 1 | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | 2 | 1 | — | 2 | | Total (50) | 7 (14) | 2 (28.57) | 1 (14.28) | — | 2 (28.57) | 3 (42.85) | 1 (14.28) | 3 (42.85) | 6 (85.71) | 4 (57.14) | 2 (28.57) | 7 (100) |
| | Leek | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Washed (10) | 1 (10) | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | | Unwashed (10) | 5 (50) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | | Total (20) | 6 (30) | 3 (50) | 1 (16.66) | 1 (16.66) | 1 (16.66) | 2 (33.33) | 2 (33.33) | 2 (33.33) | 4 (66.66) | 2 (33.33) | 3 (50) | 5 (83.33) |
| | Radish | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Washed (10) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Unwashed (10) | 2 (20) | 1 | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | Total (20) | 2 (10) | 1 (50) | — | — | 1 (50) | 1 (50) | — | 1 (50) | 1 (50) | 1 (50) | 1 (50) | 1 (50) |
| | Basil | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Washed (10) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Unwashed (10) | 3 (30) | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | | Total (20) | 3 (15) | 1 (33.33) | 1 (33.33) | — | 1 (33.33) | 1 (33.33) | 1 (33.33) | — | 2 (66.66) | 2 (66.66) | 1 (33.33) | 3 (100) |
| | Parsley | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Washed (10) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Unwashed (10) | 3 (30) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | | Total (20) | 3 (15) | 1 (33.33) | 1 (33.33) | 1 (33.33) | 1 (33.33) | 1 (33.33) | 1 (33.33) | 1 (33.33) | 2 (66.66) | 2 (66.66) | 1 (33.33) | 2 (66.66) |
| | Spinach | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Washed (10) | 1 (10) | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | Unwashed (10) | 4 (40) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | | Total (20) | 5 (25) | 2 (40) | 2 (40) | 1 (20) | 1 (20) | 1 (20) | 2 (40) | 1 (20) | 3 (60) | 3 (60) | 3 (60) | 4 (80) |
| | Lettuce | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Washed (10) | 2 (20) | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | | Unwashed (10) | 4 (40) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | | Total (20) | 6 (30) | 2 (33.33) | 1 (16.66) | 2 (33.33) | 2 (33.33) | 1 (16.66) | 2 (33.33) | 1 (16.66) | 3 (50) | 3 (50) | 3 (50) | 6 (100) |
| | Cabbage | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Washed (10) | 2 (20) | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | | Unwashed (10) | 4 (40) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | | Total (20) | 6 (30) | 3 (50) | 2 (33.33) | 1 (16.66) | 2 (33.33) | 2 (33.33) | 2 (33.33) | 3 (50) | 3 (50) | 3 (50) | 4 (66.66) | 5 (83.33) |
| | Carrot | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Washed (10) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Unwashed (10) | 1 (10) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | | Total (20) | 1 (5) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 (100) |
| | Fenugreek | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Washed (10) | 1 (10) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | | Unwashed (10) | 3 (30) | 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | | Total (20) | 4 (20) | 1 (25) | 1 (25) | — | — | 1 (25) | — | — | 3 (75) | 2 (50) | 1 (25) | 4 (100) |
| | Coriander | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Washed (10) | 1 (10) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | | Unwashed (10) | 3 (30) | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | | Total (20) | 4 (20) | 1 (25) | 1 (25) | — | 1 (25) | 1 (25) | 1 (25) | 1 (25) | 2 (50) | 2 (50) | 1 (25) | 3 (75) |
| | Beet | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Washed (10) | 1 (10) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | | Unwashed (10) | 4 (40) | 2 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | | Total (20) | 5 (25) | 2 (40) | 1 (20) | — | 1 (20) | 1 (20) | 1 (20) | 1 (20) | 2 (40) | 2 (40) | 3 (60) | 4 (80) |
| | Maize | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Washed (10) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Unwashed (10) | 1 (10) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | | Total (20) | 1 (5) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 (100) |
| | Broccoli | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Washed (10) | 1 (10) | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | | Unwashed (10) | 2 (20) | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | | Total (20) | 3 (15) | 2 (66.66) | 1 (33.33) | — | 1 (33.33) | 2 (66.66) | — | — | 2 (66.66) | 1 (33.33) | 1 (33.33) | 3 (100) |
| | Cucumber | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Washed (10) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Unwashed (10) | 3 (30) | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | | Total (20) | 3 (15) | 1 (33.33) | 1 (33.33) | — | 1 (33.33) | 1 (33.33) | 1 (33.33) | 1 (33.33) | 1 (33.33) | 1 (33.33) | 1 (33.33) | 2 (66.66) |
| | Total (430) | 59 (13.72) | 22 (37.28) | 14 (23.72) | 6 (10.16) | 15 (25.42) | 18 (30.50) | 14 (23.72) | 15 (25.42) | 34 (57.62) | 28 (47.45) | 25 (42.37) | 51 (86.44) |
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