Helicobacter pylori in Vegetables and Salads: Genotyping and Antimicrobial Resistance Properties

Table 6

Distribution of antibiotic resistance properties of Helicobacter pylori isolated from salads and vegetables in Iran.

Types and numbers of positive samples	Antibiotic resistance properties (%)
	METR5*	AM10	CLRT2	ERT5	TE30	AMX10	S10	FZL1	Lev5	Rif30	TRP25	Cef30	Spi100
Salads
Traditional (5)	4 (80)	2 (40)	1 (20)	1 (20)	3 (60)	3 (60)	1 (20)	1 (20)	1 (20)	—	3 (60)	1 (20)	1 (20)
Commercial (2)	2 (100)	1 (50)	—	—	1 (50)	1 (50)	—	—	—	—	1 (50)	—	—
Total (7)	6 (85.71)	3 (42.85)	1 (14.28)	1 (14.28)	4 (57.14)	4 (57.14)	1 (14.28)	1 (14.28)	1 (14.28)	—	4 (57.14)	1 (14.28)	1 (14.28)
Vegetables
Washed (10)	7 (70)	5 (50)	2 (20)	2 (20)	5 (50)	6 (60)	1 (10)	1 (10)	1 (10)	—	5 (50)	2 (20)	1 (10)
Unwashed (42)	33 (78.57)	28 (66.66)	10 (23.80)	11 (26.19)	26 (61.9)	30 (71.42)	7 (16.66)	7 (16.66)	3 (7.14)	2 (4.76)	26 (61.9)	5 (11.90)	3 (7.14)
Total (52)	40 (76.92)	33 (63.46)	12 (23.07)	13 (25)	31 (59.61)	36 (69.23)	8 (15.38)	8 (15.38)	4 (7.69)	2 (3.84)	31 (59.61)	7 (13.46)	4 (7.69)
Total
Vegetables and salads (59)	46 (77.96)	36 (61.01)	13 (22.03)	14 (23.72)	35 (59.32)	40 (67.79)	9 (15.25)	9 (15.25)	5 (8.47)	2 (3.38)	35 (59.32)	8 (13.55)	5 (8.47)

*In this table, METR5 = metronidazole (5 µg/disk); AM10 = ampicillin (10 µg/disk); CLRT2 = clarithromycin (2 µg/disk); ERT5 = erythromycin (5 µg/disk); TE30 = tetracycline (30 µg/disk); AMX10 = amoxicillin (10 µg/disk); S10 = streptomycin (10 µg/disk); and FZL1 = furazolidone (1 µg/disk); Lev5 = levofloxacin (5 µg/disk); Rif30 = rifampin (30 µg/disk); TRP25 = trimethoprim (25 µg/disk); Cef30 = cefsulodin (30 µg/disk); and Spi100 = spiramycin (100 µg/disk).