Evaluation of Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Antioxidant Activities of Safflower Natural Dyes during Flowering

Table 1

Precarthamin and carthamin contents (μg/g DW) and antioxidant capacities in flowers of two C. tinctorius varieties at flowering stage.

Isolated molecule	Content (𝜇g/g DW)	Variety	Antioxidant activity
			FRAP^A	DPPH^B	Chelating power^C
Carthamin	42.05 ± 1.52^a	“Jawhara”	210.33 ± 0.25^a	1.23 ± 0.12^b	9.23 ± 0.29^b
	35.22 ± 0.23^b	“104”	115.15 ± 0.02^b	2.33 ± 0.52^a	10.33 ± 0.01^a
Precarthamin	902.41 ± 0.28^a	“Jawhara”	98.26 ± 0.01^a	2.98 ± 0.54^b	11.01 ± 0.51^b
	866.11 ± 0.58^b	“104”	83.27 ± 0.74^b	3.15 ± 0.04^a	12.33 ± 0.25^a
Synthetic antioxidants
BHT				16.00 ± 0.02
EDTA					100.00 ± 0.01
Blank			52.11 ± 0.01

AThe FRAP values were expressed in TE 𝜇M/mL and ^B,CIC₅₀ values were expressed in 𝜇g/mL. Data are reported as means ± SD (𝑛=3) and compared to control (C). ANOVA is followed by Duncan multiple range test (𝑃<0.05). Values in the same column with different superscripts (a-b) are significantly different at 𝑃<0.05.