High Glucose Induces Sumoylation of Smad4 via SUMO2/3 in Mesangial Cells

Figure 2

Reverse transcription-PCR analysis of SUMO mRNA expression. (a) Mesangial cells were treated with 30 mmol/L high glucose for 6, 12, and 24 h. SUMO1 and SUMO2/3 mRNA levels were assessed by RT-PCR and normalized to GAPDH. ^∗𝑃<0.05 compared to normal control (NC) group. (b) Cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of glucose or mannitol for 24 h, with 5.6 mmol/L glucose as a normal control and 30 mmol/L mannitol as an osmotic control. GAPDH was used to confirm equal loading. ^∗𝑃<0.05 compared to normal control; ^#𝑃<0.05 compared to mannitol control.

(a)

(b)