Effect of Video-Based versus Personalized Instruction on Errors during Elastic Tubing Exercises for Musculoskeletal Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Table 3
Normalized error score of the subdomains of each exercise mean (SD) and 95% CI.
Exercise
Joint
Subdomain (left/right)
Exercise error assessment
P group
V group
Group difference (P − V)
Mean (SD)
95% CI
Mean (SD)
95% CI
Mean (SD)
95% CI
Bilateral raise
W
Palmar/dorsal flexion (L)
0.48 (0.62)
(0.16 : 0.81)
0.13 (0.52)
(−0.14 : 0.39)
0.36 (0.57)
(−0.04 : 0.76)
W
Palmar/dorsal flexion (R)
0.56 (0.48)
(0.33 : 0.80)
0.10 (0.72)
(−0.26 : 0.46)
0.47 (0.61)*
(0.05 : 0.88)
W
Radial/ulnar deviation (L)
0.13 (0.30)
(−0.04 : 0.29)
0.18 (0.27)
(0.05 : 0.31)
−0.06 (0.29)
(−0.26 : 0.14)
W
Radial/ulnar deviation (R)
0.10 (0.26)
(−0.03 : 0.23)
0.15 (0.23)
(0.04 : 0.27)
−0.06 (0.24)
(−0.22 : 0.11)
E
Elbow flexion (L)
0.08 (0.25)
(−0.06 : 0.21)
−0.08 (0.32)
(−0.24 : 0.08)
0.16 (0.29)
(−0.04 : 0.37)
E
Elbow flexion (R)
0.01 (0.18)
(−0.08 : 0.10)
−0.10 (0.31)
(−0.25 : 0.06)
0.11 (Satterthwaite)
(−0.06 : 0.29)
S
Horizontal plane position (V)
0.33 (0.35)
(0.14 : 0.51)
−0.24 (0.34)
(−0.40 : −0.07)
0.56 (0.34)*
(0.32 : 0.80)
S
Horizontal plane position (R)
0.35 (0.33)
(0.18 : 0.51)
−0.24 (0.34)
(−0.40 : −0.07)
0.58 (0.36)*
(0.36 : 0.81)
S
Adduction/abduction (L)
0.44 (0.38)
(0.23 : 0.64)
0.53 (0.42)
(0.32 : 0.74)
−0.09 (0.40)
(−0.37 : 0.19)
S
Adduction/abduction (R)
0.46 (0.37)
(0.28 : 0.64)
0.53 (0.42)
(0.32 : 0.74)
−0.07 (0.39)
(−0.34 : 0.20)
S
Humeral rotation (L)
0.19 (0.23)
(0.06 : 0.31)
0.10 (0.26)
(−0.03 : 0.23)
0.09 (0.25)
(−0.08 : 0.26)
S
Humeral rotation (R)
0.17 (0.23)
(0.05 : 0.28)
0.10 (0.26)
(−0.03 : 0.23)
0.07 (0.24)
(−0.09 : 0.23)
Bilateral shoulder retraction
W
Palmar/dorsal flexion (L)
−0.22 (0.65)
(−0.54 : 0.10)
−0.10 (0.71)
(−0.45 : 0.25)
−0.13 (0.68)
(−0.58 : 0.33)
W
Palmar/dorsal flexion (R)
−0.22 (0.69)
(−0.56 : 0.12)
−0.17 (0.60)
(−0.47 : 0.13)
−0.06 (0.64)
(−0.49 : 0.38)
W
Radial/ulnar deviation (L)
−0.03 (0.08)
(−0.07 : 0.01)
−0.10 (0.33)
(−0.26 : 0.07)
0.07 (Satterthwaite)
(−0.10 : 0.25)
W
Radial/ulnar deviation (R)
−0.01 (0.06)
(−0.04 : 0.02)
−0.08 (0.27)
(−0.22 : 0.05)
0.07 (Satterthwaite)
(−0.06 : 0.21)
E
Elbow flexion (L)
0.10 (0.23)
(−0.02 : 0.21)
0.13 (0.27)
(−0.01 : 0.26)
−0.03 (0.25)
(−0.20 : 0.14)
E
Elbow flexion (R)
0.07 (0.21)
(−0.03 : 0.17)
0.10 (0.31)
(−0.06 : 0.25)
−0.03 (0.26)
(−0.21 : 0.15)
S
Horizontal plane position (L)
0.36 (0.58)
(0.07 : 0.65)
0.38 (0.51)
(0.12 : 0.63)
−0.01 (0.55)
(−0.39 : 0.36)
S
Horizontal plane position (R)
0.36 (0.58)
(0.07 : 0.65)
0.38 (0.51)
(0.12 : 0.63)
−0.01 (0.55)
(−0.39 : 0.36)
S
Adduction/abduction (L)
0.22 (0.37)
(0.04 : 0.41)
−0.01 (0.13)
(−0.08 : 0.05)
0.27 (Satterthwaite)*
(0.04 : 0.43)
S
Adduction/abduction (R)
0.22 (0.37)
(0.04 : 0.41)
−0.01 (0.13)
(−0.08 : 0.05)
0.24 (Satterthwaite)*
(0.04 : 0.43)
S
Humeral rotation (L)
0.00 (0.09)
(−0.04 : 0.04)
−0.38 (0.60)
(−0.67 : −0.08)
0.38 (Satterthwaite)*
(0.07 : 0.68)
S
Humeral rotation (R)
0.00 (0.09)
(−0.04 : 0.04)
−0.29 (0.54)
(−0.56 : −0.02)
0.29 (Satterthwaite)*
(0.02 : 0.56)
Unilateral shoulder external rotation
W
Palmar/dorsal flexion (R)
−0.78 (0.56)
(−1.05 : −0.50)
−0.85 (0.60)
(−1.16 : −0.54)
0.08 (0.58)
(−0.32 : 0.47)
W
Radial/ulnar deviation (R)
0.01 (0.06)
(−0.02 : 0.04)
0.09 (0.26)
(−0.05 : 0.22)
−0.07 (Satterthwaite)
(−0.21 : 0.06)
E
Elbow rotation (R)
−0.01 (0.06)
(−0.04 : 0.02)
0.00 (0.00)
(0.00 : 0.00)
−0.01 (Satterthwaite)
(−0.04 : 0.02)
E
Elbow flexion (R)
0.11 (0.27)
(−0.03 : 0.25)
0.62 (0.38)
(0.42 : 0.81)
−0.51 (0.33)*
(−0.73 : −0.28)
S
Shoulder flexion (R)
−0.06 (0.20)
(−0.16 : 0.05)
−0.04 (0.42)
(−0.26 : 0.17)
−0.01 (Satterthwaite)
(−0.24 : 0.22)
S
Adduction/abduction (R)
0.13 (0.29)
(−0.02 : 0.27)
−0.15 (0.42)
(−0.37 : 0.07)
0.27 (0.36)*
(0.02 : 0.52)
Unilateral wrist extension
W
Palmar flexion at bottom pos. (R)
−0.31 (0.63)
(−0.62 : 0.01)
−0.06 (0.30)
(−0.21 : 0.10)
−0.25 (Satterthwaite)
(−0.59 : 0.09)
W
Dorsal flexion at top pos. (R)
0.81 (0.35)
(0.63 : 0.98)
0.82 (0.35)
(0.64 : 0.99)
−0.01 (0.35)
(−0.25 : 0.22)
W
Radial/ulnar deviation (R)
−0.04 (0.13)
(−0.11 : 0.02)
−0.06 (0.14)
(−0.12 : 0.01)
0.01 (0.13)
(−0.08 : 0.10)
Indicates significant difference between the two groups in the subdomain of the exercise error assessment. Satterthwaite refers to unequal variances in the comparison of the subdomain.
