Measurement of Bed Turning and Comparison with Age, Gender, and Body Mass Index in a Healthy Population: Application of a Novel Mobility Detection System

Table 5

Association between age and turning ability of healthy volunteers.

	Age < 65 year		Age ≥ 65 year		𝑃 value^†
	𝑛^a	Mean ± SD	𝑛	Mean ± SD
Turn time (sec)	460	5.65±1.03	120	6.04±1.04	0.221
TL (cm)	460	25.26±8.80	120	21.13±6.75	0.280
Turn speed (cm/sec)	460	4.57±1.72	120	3.46±0.86	0.127
Turn peak time (ds)	460	7.57±6.88	120	10.84±8.37	0.025*
Turn force (kg·m/s²)	460	66.17±12.73	120	59.64±12.65	0.276
Back time (sec)	460	5.13±1.25	120	5.60±2.64	0.089
BL (cm)	460	25.49±8.88	120	21.40±6.57	0.293
Back speed (cm/sec)	460	5.09±1.88	120	4.00±1.36	0.167
Back peak time (ds)	460	11.14±11.53	120	10.56±6.78	0.742
Back force (kg·m/s²)	460	66.69±13.14	120	60.71±13.25	0.334
Turn-weight ratio	460	1.040±0.108	120	0.958±0.149	0.114
Back-weight ratio	460	1.048±0.109	120	0.975±0.158	0.173

aNumbers of measurements; ^†determined by repeated measures ANOVA (within-subject effect).
*: 𝑃<0.05 indicated statistical significance.