Impact of Gentamicin Coadministration along with High Fructose Feeding on Progression of Renal Failure and Metabolic Syndrome in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Table 4

Renal function assessment parameters (tubular and glomerular functions) along with uric acid level and kidney index (ratio of kidney weight to total body weight).

Parameter	Time	Control	F2	FG	G
Glomerular function
Serum urea mmol/L	d0	18 ± 2.9	22.1 ± 3.4	26 ± 2.9	17.8 ± 2.8
	d20	21 ± 2.8	32.2 ± 3.5	52.8 ± 2	24.7 ± 2.4
Serum creatinine	d0	79 ± 5.1	88 ± 4.1	78.6 ± 4	—
	d20	86±5.8^@,$	91±4.8^@,$	199±11^∗,‡	182±12^∗,‡
Creatinine clearance mL/min/100 g (B.W)	d0	0.16 ± 0.02	0.16 ± 0.03	—	—
	d20	0.14±0.02^@,$	0.12±0.01^@,$	0.075±0.029^∗,‡	0.09±0.03^∗,‡
Urinary protein excretion mg/hr	d0	0.055 ± 0.008	0.045 ± 0.007	0.051 ± 0.006	0.049 ± 0.007
	d20	0.052 ± 0.006	0.039 ± 0.007	0.094 ± 0.009^*@‡	0.059 ± 0.007
Serum sodium and potassium
Serum Na^+	d0	136 ± 2.1	134 ± 2.1	135 ± 1.4	137 ± 1.8
	d20	139 ± 1.8	141 ± 2.8	133 ± 2.3	135 ± 1.7
Serum K^+	d0	5.7 ± 0.2	5.6 ± 0.22	5.6 ± 0.18	5.5 ± 0.21
	d20	5.6 ± 0.23	5.9 ± 0.24	5.3 ± 0.27	5.7 ± 0.23
Tubular function
Abs. Na^+ excretion ×10^−3 mmol/hr	d0	17 ± 1.60	11 ± 1.00*	9 ± 1.10*	—
	d20	18 ± 1.70	10 ± 0.90^@	34 ± 5.20	34±2.80^∗,‡
UFR μL/min/100 g (BW)	d0	2.18 ± 0.2	1.70 ± 0.1	1.53 ± 0.1	1.44 ± 0.1*
	d20	2.16 ± 0.12	1.55 ± 0.08	1.43 ± 0.06*	4.95±0.76^∗,#
Abs. K^+ excretion mmol/hr	d0	0.07 ± 0.01	0.05 ± 0.01*	0.04 ± 0.00*	—
	d20	0.07 ± 0.01	0.05 ± 0.01^$	0.27 ± 0.03^*,‡	0.17 ± 0.015*
FE Na^+	d0	0.51 ± 0.06	0.37 ± 0.034	0.33 ± 0.031	—
	d20	0.49 ± 0.03	0.39 ± 0.021^$@	2.33 ± 0.12^*‡	2.03 ± 0.155^*‡
FE K^+	d0	61 ± 5.94	39 ± 3.7	48 ± 6.94	—
	d20	67 ± 6.87^$	49 ± 3.21^@$	396±44.5^∗,#,@	195 ± 33.77^*‡
Kidney index
Kidney index	d20	0.67 ± 0.01	0.67 ± 0.02	0.69 ± 0.05	0.7 ± 0.03
Uric acid
Uric acid μmol/L	d0	11.3 ± 1.37	17.1 ± 1.44^*@	16.4 ± 1.38^*@	11.8±1.35^‡,$
	d20	2.7 ± 1.32	19.6 ± 1.43*	13.9 ± 1.40	12.9 ± 1.29
Urine pH	d0	6.7 ± 0.34	5.3 ± 0.54	5.5 ± 0.61	6.4 ± 0.29
	d20	6.9 ± 0.33	4.9 ± 0.56	5.9 ± 0.55	7.2 ± 0.2.8

The measurements were taken on days 0 and 20 which correspond to 38th and 58th days of the high fructose water treatment period. Kidney index was measured at the end of the treatment period. Results are expressed in mean ± SEM. *, ‡, $, and @ indicate statistical significance as compared to control, F2, FG, and G groups, respectively (𝑃<0.05).