Digging Up the Human Genome: Current Progress in Deciphering Adverse Drug Reactions

Table 1

Associations between genetic variants involved in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and their related ADRs.

Genetic variants	ADR	Drug	Reference
ABCB1 (rs1045642)	Nephrotoxicity	Cyclosporine	[44, 45]
ABCC4 (rs9561778)	Leukopenia/toxicity	Cyclophosphamide	[49]
CYP2C19*2	Decreased platelet responsiveness	Clopidogrel	[20]
CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*17	Altered pharmacokinetics	Citalopram	[21, 22]
CYP2D6*2	Opioid intoxication	Codeine	[24]
Polymorphic NAT2	Toxicity	Hydralazine, sulfasalazine	[32–34]
SLC22A2 (rs316019)	Reduced nephrotoxicity	Cisplatin	[41]
SLCO1B1 (rs4149056)	Myopathy	Simvastatin	[38, 39]
TPMT*2, TPMT*3A, TPMT*3C	Hematologic toxicity	Mercaptopurine, azathioprine	[30]
UGT1A1*28	Toxicity	Irinotecan	[26, 27]

ABCB1: ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1; ABCC4: ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 4; CYP: cytochrome p450 superfamily; NAT2: N-acetyltransferase type II; SLC22A2: solute carrier family 22 member 2; SLCO1B1: solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1; TPMT: thiopurine S-methyltransferase; UGT1A1: uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1.