Diabetic kidney exhibits more AV oxygen shunting. Intrarenal oxygen tension is maintained at stable levels by hemodynamic and metabolic interactions of renal blood flow, GFR, oxygen consumption, and arteriovenous (AV) oxygen shunting. Originally, AV oxygen shunting develops as a unique system to rescue kidney from hyperoxia. However, in diabetic kidney, hyperglycemia induces hyperfiltration leading to more AV oxygen gradient which turns in increased AV oxygen shunting. The figure was modified from O’Connor et al. [42].
