Mechanotransduction in Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration: Effects of Fluid Flow, Loading, and Cellular-Molecular Pathways

Figure 4

Bone remodeling and its associated molecular pathways. The remodeling cycle of bone is composed of sequential phases including the activation of precursor cells, bone resorption by osteoclasts, bone formation by osteoblasts after reversal, and mineralization. The osteoblasts that are buried within the newly formed matrix become osteocytes. Other osteoblasts that rest on the bone surface become bone-lining cells.