Psychometric Evaluation of the Chinese Version of the Patient Perceptions of Empowerment Scale (PPES)

Table 3

Completely standardized solution for the second-order four-factor models (𝑛=554).

Variables	Estimates	Construct reliability*	Totally cumulative variances
Information	0.88	0.93	0.77
(1) The staff gave me clear information on how best to manage my illness.	0.84
(2) Overall, I felt that I was talked at by the staff rather than listened to.	0.79
(3) I wish I could have had more say in my treatment and care.	0.68
Decision	0.89	0.80	0.72
(6) I felt that I always gave my consent before a clinical procedure was carried out.	0.78
(7) I always felt that the purpose of my prescribed medication was fully explained.	0.65
Individual	0.75	0.93	0.76
(10) The staff did everything possible to help me with anxieties over my illness.	0.84
(11) The staff was always helpful and understanding over visiting times.	0.90
(12) I felt that I was being treated as an individual by all members of staff.	0.55
Self-management	0.84	0.84	0.62
(14) I had to ask for advice about what I should and should not do on discharge.	0.59
(15) At no time did I feel that the truth about my condition was being hidden from me.	0.55
(17) From time to time the staff gave me contradictory advice about my condition.	0.71

∗Estimate value greater than 0.50, construct reliability greater than 0.60, and totally cumulative variances higher than 0.50 were acceptable.