New Progress in Angiogenesis Therapy of Cardiovascular Disease by Ultrasound Targeted Microbubble Destruction

Table 1

Summary of experimental studies of UTMD mediated stem cell therapy of angiogenesis.

Author	Candidate stem cell	Animal model	Main finds and results
Tong et al. [57]	BMSCs	Myocardial infarction (rat)	have no effect on the proliferation or apoptosis of MSCs; more efficiently migrate MSCs; a much higher expression of CXCR4, SDF-1 and VEGF; markedly improve the cardiac function and capillary density
Ling et al. [58]	MSCs	Myocardial infarction (mongrel dogs)	markedly improve myocardial perfusion; significantly improve heart function and the wall motion score index; markedly enhance MSC transplantation
Xu et al. [47]	MSC	Myocardial infarction (New Zealand rabbits)	markedly improve the cardiac function; much more capillaries; increase the expression of adhesion molecule and VEGF; enhance the myocardial permeability of microvessel; significantly decrease the area of cardiac fibrosis
Song et al. [59]	BMSC	Myocardial infarction (rabbits)	improve the efficacy of cardiac cell therapy; improve cardiac function in infarcted heart; strengthen the collateral circulation
Kuliszewski et al. [50]	EPC	Chronic hind-limb ischemia (rats)	targeted delivery to the vascular endothelium; greater local engraftment of EPCs; the most obvious improvement in tissue perfusion and capillary density
Ghanem et al. [60]	MSC	After acute myocardial infarction (female wistar rats)	enhance endothelial cell targeting adhesion; augment myocardial engraftment of MSCs
Zhong et al. [61]	MSC	Ischemic myocardium (mongrel dogs)	a much higher expression of various cytokines; provoke inflammatory response and minor myocardial injure; markedly enhance MSCs transplantation to the ischemic myocardium.

 ^※Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).