Simultaneous Coproduction of Hydrogen and Ethanol in Anaerobic Packed-Bed Reactors

Table 1

Comparison of studies in packed-bed reactors for hydrogen production.

Reference	Substrate/; concentration (g L^−1)/; ORL (kgDQO·m^−3·d^−1)	Inoculum/pretreatment method	Support material	(cm s^−1)	Temperature; (°C)	pH	HRT; (h)	HY; (mol H2·mol^−1 substrate)	HPR; (L L^−1 h^−1)
Chang et al.; [1]	Sucrose; 17.8/85–854	Municipal sewage sludge; Acid	Expanded clay	—	35.0	6.7	0.5–5.0	0.1–1.3*	0.2–0.4
Chang et al.; [1]	Sucrose; 17.8/213–854	Municipal sewage sludge; Acid	Activated carbon	—	35.0	6.7	0.5–2.0	0.5–1.4*	0.6–1.3
Lee et al.; [2]	Sucrose; 17.8/106–854	Municipal sewage sludge; Acid	Activated carbon	—	35.0	6.7	0.5–4.0	2.9–4.0*	1.2–7.4
Zhang et al.; [3]^a	Glucose; 10.5/194	Clostridium acetobutylicum	Glass beads	0.005*	30.0	4.9	1.3**	0.9	0.2
Wu et al.; [4]	Sucrose; 17.8/107	Municipal sewage sludge; Acid	Polyethylene-octane elastomer; (POE)	—	35.0	6.0	4.0	0.4	0.3*
Wu et al.; [4]	Glucose; 18.9/113	Municipal sewage sludge; Acid	Polyethylene-octane elastomer; (POE)	—	35.0	6.0	4.0	0.7	0.4*
Wu et al.; [4]	Fructose; 18.9/113	Municipal sewage sludge; Acid	Polyethylene-octane elastomer; (POE)	—	35.0	6.0	4.0	0.6	0.2*
Leite et al.; [5]	Glucose; 2/96	Mixed culture; Natural fermentation	Expanded clay	0.024	30.0	3.9–7.3	0.5	1.8–2.5	—
This study	Glucose; 3.5/10–84	Swine slaughterhouse sludge; Heat-shock	Expanded clay	0.3	25.0	4-5	1.0–8.0	1.2–2.2	0.2–0.9
This study	Glucose; 3.5/10–84	Swine slaughterhouse sludge; Heat-shock	Expanded clay	0.6	25.0	4-5	1.0–8.0	1.2–2.4	0.1–0.9

*Based on article data, ^aunsaturated flow reactor, and **HRT = reactor volume/influent flow rate.