BioMed Research International

Review Article

Harnessing the Helminth Secretome for Therapeutic Immunomodulators

Table 2

Overview of the proteomic analyses of helminths secretome.
OrganismOrderPrincipal
host		Analyzed
stage		Number of identified proteinsApproach usedReferences
Nematoda      
Ascaris suum AscarididaPigAdults, female775Bioinformatics[111]
Brugia malayi Filariida HumanAdults, mixed sex193 Proteomics, bioinformatics[125]
Adults, mixed sex82[126]
L3;
L3/L4 molting stage;
microfilaria;
adults, male;
adults, female		3
3
36
9
12		[127]
Dirofilaria immitis FilariidaDogAdults, mixed sex110Proteomics, bioinformatics[128]
Ancylostoma caninum RhabditidaDogAdults, mixed sex105Proteomics, bioinformatics[129]
Heligmosomoides polygyrus RhabditidaRodentsL4;
egg released material;
adults, mixed sex		214
209
364 		Proteomics, bioinformatics[108]
Ostertagia ostertagi RhabditidaCattleAdults, mixed sex 2Proteomics, bioinformatics[130]
L4 and adults, mixed sex15Bioinformatics [131]
Haemonchus contortus StrongylidaSheep,
goat		Mixed stages;
adults, mixed sex		1,457
107		Proteomics[98]
Nippostrongylus brasiliensis StrongylidaRatAdults, mixed sex3 Proteomics, bioinformatics[58]
Strongyloides ratti Strongylida RatAdults, mixed sex2572Bioinformatics[132]
iL3;
parasitic female;
free-living stage		196
79
35		Proteomics, bioinformatics[133]
Teladorsagia circumcincta StrongylidaSheep, goatLarval stages;
L4; 
adults, mixed sex		18
15
13		Proteomics[117, 134]
Trichinella pseudospiralis TrichocephalidaBirdLarval stages9Proteomics, bioinformatics[135]
Trichinella spiralis TrichocephalidaMammalsL113Proteomics, bioinformatics[136]
Trematoda      
Dicrocoelium dendriticum PlagiorchiidaRuminantsAdult (exosome-like vesicles);84Proteomics, bioinformatics[137]
adult (surface);113 
adult (ESP);29[138]
tegument43 
Fasciola hepatica Prosostomata Cattle, sheepLarval stages;22Proteomics, bioinformatics [139]
adults, mixed sex; 26
mollusc-dwelling larva;8
adults, mixed sex;
dormant larvae		160
26		Proteomics[140]
Schistosoma mansoni StrigeididaHumanCercaria;
egg;		72
188		Proteomics, bioinformatics [141–143]
cercaria23