Review Article
Detection of Gunshot Residues Using Mass Spectrometry
Table 1
Analytical techniques applied to GSR and their abbreviations in alphabetical order.
| Abbreviation | Instrumentation/technique |
| APCI | Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization | APPI | Atmospheric pressure photoionization | CE | Capillary electrophoresis | CI | Chemical ionization | DESI | Desorption electrospray ionization | EDX | Energy-dispersive X-ray detection | EI | Electron impact | ESI | Electrospray ionization | GC | Gas chromatography | HPLC | High performance liquid chromatography | ICP-MS | Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry | IMS | Ion mobility spectrometry | LC | Liquid chromatography | LA | Laser ablation | LEI | Laser electrospray ionization | MS | Mass spectrometry or mass spectrometer | MS/MS | Tandem mass spectrometry | MSF | Magnetic sector field | Q | Quadrupole | QIT | Quadrupole ion-trap | QqQ | Triple quadrupole | QToF | Quadrupole-time of flight | SEM | Scanning electron microscopy | SIMS | Secondary ion mass spectrometry | SPE | Solid-phase extraction | SPME | Solid-phase microextraction | ToF | Time of flight | UHPLC | Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography |
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