Associations between Cognitive, Sociocontextual, and Affective Variables and Unprotected Anal Intercourse among Men Who Have Sex with Men—A Comparative Study Conducted in Two Chinese Cities

Table 3

Factors associated with UAI with men in the last 12 months among the Shenzhen and the Hong Kong respondents.

	UAI in the last 12 months
	Shenzhen (𝑛=102)			Hong Kong (𝑛=433)
	Row %	ORu^1 (95% CI)	ORadj^2 (95% CI)	Row %	ORu^1 (95% CI)	ORadj^3 (95% CI)
Cognitive factors
Perceived chance of contracting HIV in the future
Extremely low/low	28.4	1.00	1.00	41.3	1.00	1.00
Moderate/high/extremely high	64.7	4.63 (1.92–11.18)**	3.91 (1.57, 9.70) **	38.2	0.88 (0.59, 1.32)	0.90 (0.60, 1.36)
Contextual factors
Always drink alcohol before having sex
No	32.1	1.00	1.00	39.2	1.00	1.00
Yes	72.2	5.51 (1.77, 17.16) **	4.91 (1.53, 15.75) **	46.0	1.32 (0.77, 2.27)	1.46 (0.84, 2.52)
Use of psychotropic substances
No	32.5	1.00	1.00	39.7	1.00	1.00
Yes	66.7	4.16 (1.49, 11.59) **	3.23 (1.09, 9.57) *	43.3	1.16 (0.67, 2.02)	1.18 (0.67, 2.07)
Social factors
Can find someone to share sexual orientation
No	29.7	1.00	1.00	41.3	1.00	1.00
Yes	58.1	3.27 (1.20, 8.92) *	4.00 (1.36, 11.73) *	37.8	0.86 (0.54, 1.37)	0.92 (0.58, 1.48)
Do not feel such a need	33.3	1.18 (0.43, 3.25)	1.38 (0.48, 4.01)	45.9	1.21 (0.67, 2.19)	1.33 (0.72, 2.46)
Disclosure of sexual orientation to family members
Yes, disclosed to all family members	31.5	1.00	1.00	35.0	1.00	1.00
Disclosed to none or only some family members	62.1	3.56 (1.45, 8.73) **	3.66 (1.41, 9.53) **	45.7	1.57 (1.06, 2.30) *	1.64 (1.10, 2.44) *

1Odds ratio of univariate analysis.
²Odds ratio adjusting for “education level” which is significant in the stepwise multivariate analysis (data not tabulated).
³Odds ratio adjusting for “age group” which is significant in the stepwise multivariate analysis (data not tabulated).
^∗∗𝑃 value < 0.01, ^∗𝑃 value < 0.05, and ⁺𝑃 value < 0.1.
Variables considered but not significant in either samples included (1) number of MSM partners, (2) bisexual behaviors in the last 12 months, (3) sexual orientation, (4) self-reported STD infection, (5)–(7) the three items on HIV-related knowledge (“Infectivity via kissing with a HIV-infected person” and “Detection of HIV one week after infection took place” were marginally significant in the Shenzhen sample), (8) perceived efficacy of condom use for HIV prevention, (9) perceived discrimination toward MSM, (10) afraid of others knowing his MSM status (marginally significant in the Shenzhen sample), (11) acceptance of one’s sexual orientation (marginally significant in the Shenzhen sample), and (12) perceived negative feelings associated with MSM status (worry, shame, social exclusion, family/peer pressure, and afraid of contracting HIV) related to one’s sexual orientation.