Review Article
The Endothelium, A Protagonist in the Pathophysiology of Critical Illness: Focus on Cellular Markers
Table 3
Overview endothelial progenitor cells in acute brain injury, SAH, and TBI.
| | Study group | Study type | Phenotype EPC | Main findings |
| | Liang et al. [30] | Case-control unruptured intracranial aneurysm () | CFU-EPC
Migration to VEGF | Decreased proliferative and migratory capacity of EPC |
| | Liu et al. [31] | Case-control
TBI () | CD34+ CD133+
in isolated PBMC | Decreased EPC in TBI, steady increase from day 5–7 with peak day 7 |
| | Liu et al. [32] | Case-control
TBI () | CD34+ CD133+
in isolated PBMC | (i) Decreased EPC 24–48 h after TBI, increase to day 7
(ii) Non-survivors lower EPC |
| | Wei et al. [33] | Case-control
ruptured cerebral aneurysm () | CD34+ CD133+
Isolated PBMC | (i) Decreased number of EPC in patients
(ii) Increase after coiling with a peak at day 14 |
| | Wei et al. [34] | Case-control
cerebral aneurysm (, ruptured ) | CD34+ CD133+
CD34+ KDR+
in isolated PBMC
Migration to VEGF | (i) Both EPC phenotypes reduced in cerebral aneurysm
(ii) Impaired migration and increased of EPC in cerebral aneurysm |
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EPC: endothelial progenitor cells; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; TBI: traumatic brain injury.
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