Review Article
The Endothelium, A Protagonist in the Pathophysiology of Critical Illness: Focus on Cellular Markers
Table 3
Overview endothelial progenitor cells in acute brain injury, SAH, and TBI.
| Study group | Study type | Phenotype EPC | Main findings |
| Liang et al. [30] | Case-control unruptured intracranial aneurysm () | CFU-EPC Migration to VEGF | Decreased proliferative and migratory capacity of EPC |
| Liu et al. [31] | Case-control TBI () | CD34+ CD133+ in isolated PBMC | Decreased EPC in TBI, steady increase from day 5–7 with peak day 7 |
| Liu et al. [32] | Case-control TBI () | CD34+ CD133+ in isolated PBMC | (i) Decreased EPC 24–48 h after TBI, increase to day 7 (ii) Non-survivors lower EPC |
| Wei et al. [33] | Case-control ruptured cerebral aneurysm () | CD34+ CD133+ Isolated PBMC | (i) Decreased number of EPC in patients (ii) Increase after coiling with a peak at day 14 |
| Wei et al. [34] | Case-control cerebral aneurysm (, ruptured ) | CD34+ CD133+ CD34+ KDR+ in isolated PBMC Migration to VEGF | (i) Both EPC phenotypes reduced in cerebral aneurysm (ii) Impaired migration and increased of EPC in cerebral aneurysm |
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EPC: endothelial progenitor cells; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; TBI: traumatic brain injury.
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