Review Article
Reproductive Factors but Not Hormonal Factors Associated with Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Table 2
Summary results for the association between hormonal and reproductive factors and thyroid cancer risk.
| Comparisons | aRR | b95% CI | value |
Tests for heterogeneity | (%) | |
| All | | | | | | Oral contraceptive | 0.94 | 0.85–1.04 | 0.215 | 36.0 | 0.095 | Hormone replacement therapy | 1.04 | 0.91–1.19 | 0.527 | 0 | 0.520 | Age at menarche | 1.08 | 0.97–1.19 | 0.142 | 0 | 0.486 | Parity | 1.10 | 0.94–1.28 | 0.234 | 61.2 | <0.001 | Age at first birth | 1.07 | 0.95–2.20 | 0.255 | 14.8 | 0.281 | Menopausal status | 0.96 | 0.79–1.18 | 0.727 | 4.9 | 0.394 | Age at menopause | 1.24 | 1.00–1.53 | 0.049 | 26.4 | 0.201 | Duration of breast feeding | 0.84 | 0.65–1.08 | 0.178 | 38.3 | 0.150 | Breast feeding | 0.84 | 0.69–1.02 | 0.080 | 4.9 | 0.368 | Cohort studies | | | | | | Oral contraceptive | 0.96 | 0.86–1.07 | 0.448 | 39.5 | 0.104 | Hormone replacement therapy | 1.05 | 0.91–1.20 | 0.513 | 0 | 0.439 | Age at menarche | 1.01 | 0.90–1.14 | 0.808 | 16.1 | 0.299 | Parity | 1.00 | 0.78–1.28 | 0.993 | 70.6 | <0.001 | Age at first birth | 1.04 | 0.92–1.18 | 0.530 | 0 | 0.571 | Menopausal status | 0.90 | 0.71–1.15 | 0.418 | 26.6 | 0.252 | Age at menopause | 1.3 | 1.04–1.63 | 0.022 | 2.5 | 0.400 | Duration of breast feeding | 0.70 | 0.51–0.95 | 0.021 | 0 | 0.661 | Breast feeding | 0.82 | 0.66–1.02 | 0.078 | 0 | 0.442 | PCC | | | | | | Oral contraceptive | 0.89 | 0.73–1.08 | 0.240 | 41.0 | 0.166 | Hormone replacement therapy | 1.01 | 0.68–1.50 | 0.962 | 6.0 | 0.363 | Age at menarche | 1.28 | 1.04–1.57 | 0.960 | 0 | 0.937 | Parity | 1.00 | 0.93–1.07 | 0.960 | 21.6 | 0.258 | Age at first birth | 1.35 | 0.97–1.88 | 0.072 | 42.3 | 0.123 | Menopausal status | 1.10 | 0.78–1.57 | 0.577 | 0 | 0.481 | Age at menopause | 0.82 | 0.43–1.56 | 0.554 | 44.0 | 0.147 | Duration of breast feeding | 1.24 | 0.80–1.93 | 0.332 | 28.2 | 0.248 | Breast feeding | 0.92 | 0.60–1.41 | 0.699 | 57.6 | 0.125 | HCC | | | | | | Parity | 2.30 | 1.31–4.04 | 0.004 | 0 | 0.787 |
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aRR: relative risk; b95% CI: 95% confidence interval; cP: the value of for pooled analysis; dP: the value of for heterogeneity analysis.
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