The Impact of a Vestibular-Stimulating Exercise Regime on Postural Stability in People with Visual Impairment

Table 3

Male participants’ baseline measures for stability index (mean ± SD): men without (male 3) and with (male 4) visual impairment.

Stability index (SI)	Male 3 ()	Male 4 ()	“Effect Size”
OSI CE, static	1.42 ± 0.61	2.58 ± 1.5	1,09	0.000
APSI CE, static	1.13 ± 0.57	1.72 ± 1.06	0,72	0.049
MLSI CE, static	0.66 ± 0.36	1.48 ± 1.5	0,88	0.002
OSI CE, 8	3.59 ± 1.69	3.67 ± 0.89	0,08	“NS”
APSI CE, 8	2.24 ± 1.01	2.65 ± 0.71	0,48	“NS”
MLSI CE, 8	2.3 ± 1.18	1.99 ± 0.79	−0,31	“NS”

OSI: overall stability index, APSI: anterior-posterior stability index, MLSI: medial-lateral stability index, OE: open eyes for participants fully sighted, closed for those with visual impairment, CE: closed eyes, static: stable platform, 8: dynamic balance level 8, and “Effect Size”: mean of male 4 − mean of male 3/standard deviation.
: Tukey’s HSD test.