Biomechanics of Lower Limbs during Walking among Candidates for Total Knee Arthroplasty with and without Low Back Pain

Figure 2

Comparison of vertical ground reaction force (VGRF), hip range of motion (ROM), knee ROM, and stance time symmetry between limbs and groups during gait stance phase. Significant differences () in the biomechanical parameter measured in the surgically affected (a) limb compared to the nonsurgically affected (NA) limb indicated by an (⋆) displayed above the bar for that variable and that group. The significant differences between groups as determined by post hoc analyses are indicated by an arrow ().