1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃ Promotes High Glucose-Induced M1 Macrophage Switching to M2 via the VDR-PPAR Signaling Pathway

Figure 1

The effect of high glucose on the activity of iNOS. (a) RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with glucose in a dose- (11.1 mM, 20 mM, 25 mM, and 30 mM) dependent manner. After 24 h, the cells were collected. A concentration of 11.1 mM glucose was used as the control. ^* versus control; (b) RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with glucose in a time- (0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h) dependent manner. A concentration of 11.1 mM glucose was used as the control. Data are presented as the mean ± SD ( per group). ^# versus control at the same time point; ^& versus 0 h in the same group.

(a)

(b)