1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃ Promotes High Glucose-Induced M1 Macrophage Switching to M2 via the VDR-PPAR Signaling Pathway

Figure 4

The effect of 1,25(OH)₂D₃ on the expression of cytokines in the supernatant. RAW264.7 cells were treated with 25 mM glucose (HG) in the presence or absence of 10⁻⁸ mol/L 1,25(OH)₂D₃ for 24 h. The supernatant was collected for ELISA assay. The M2 model group (10 ng/mL IL-4) was used as a positive control. Data are presented as the mean ± SD ( per group). ^* versus HG.

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