1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃ Promotes High Glucose-Induced M1 Macrophage Switching to M2 via the VDR-PPAR Signaling Pathway

Figure 5

The effect of 1,25(OH)₂D₃ on M1/M2 macrophage-specific markers. RAW264.7 cells were treated with 25 mM glucose (HG) in the presence or absence of 10⁻⁸ mol/L 1,25(OH)₂D₃ for 24 h. The cells were collected for (a) RT-PCR and (b) western blotting analysis. β-actin was used as an internal control. The M2 model group (10 ng/mL IL-4) was used as a positive control. Data are presented as the mean ± SD ( per group). ^* versus HG.

(a)

(b)