1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃ Promotes High Glucose-Induced M1 Macrophage Switching to M2 via the VDR-PPAR Signaling Pathway

Figure 9

The effect of VDR siRNA on iNOS, MR, and PPARγ expression. VDR siRNA pretreatment with cells was performed before administering 10⁻⁸ M 1,25(OH)₂D₃ to high glucose-treated macrophages. The cells were collected for (a) iNOS, MR, and (b) PPARγ analysis. β-actin was used as an internal control. NTC: nontarget control. Data are presented as the mean ± SD ( per group). ^* versus VD group.

(a)

(b)