CK2 Secreted by Leishmania braziliensis Mediates Macrophage Association Invasion: A Comparative Study between Virulent and Avirulent Promastigotes

Table 4

Effect of CK2 modulators on the interaction between the L. braziliensis avirulent strain and macrophages.

Addition	Addition during interaction course		Avirulent pretreated parasites		Pretreated macrophages
	Association index ± SE	% interaction	Association index ± SE	% interaction	Association index ± SE	% interaction
None	91.69 ± 2.08	100.00	91.78 ± 2.11	100.00	91.68 ± 1.64	100.00
TBB (1 μM)	76.89 ± 1.27^**	83.86	71.83 ± 1.94^*	78.26	83.96 ± 1.92	91.58
Heparin (10 μg/mL)	62.99 ± 0.80^*	68.70	53.56 ± 0.91^*	54.77	73.28 ± 1.34^*	79.93
Spermine (500 mM)	97.43 ± 1.11	106.26	109.25 ± 0.72^*	119.03	76.35 ± 0.95^*	83.28

The reactions were performed as described in Section 2. The values are presented as the mean of 3 independent experiments conducted in triplicate (* indicates P ≤ 0.009 and ** indicates P ≤ 0.05 compared with control without addition; one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s post hoc test).