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Questionnaire and scales | Function(s) | Target population(s) | Advantages | Disadvantage(s) |
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Brief Medication Questionnaire | Patient’s medication-taking behavior Barriers to adherence | Diabetes Depression | Self-administration Evaluate multidrug regimes Reduce practitioner’s training | Time-consuming |
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Hill-Bone Compliance Scale (Hill-Bone) | Patient’s medication-taking behavior Barriers to adherence | Hypertension specific, black patients | High internal consistency in both primary and outpatient setting | Limited generalizability |
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8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) | Patient’s medication-taking behavior Barriers to adherence | All validated conditions |
Higher validity and reliability in patients with chronic diseases than MAQ | |
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Medication Adherence Questionnaire (MAQ) | Barriers to adherence | All validated conditions | Quickest to administer Validated in the broadest range of diseases Validated in patients with low literacy | Comparatively short, mainly suitable for initial screening |
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The Self-Efficacy for Appropriate Medication Use Scale (SEAMS) | Barriers to adherence | All validated chronic conditions | High internal consistency in patients with high or low literacy | Time-consuming |
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Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS) | Barriers to medication adherence Beliefs to medication adherence | Chronic mental illness, especially with schizophrenia | Simplistic scoring Strong positive correlations compared to DAI and MAQ | Limited generalizability |
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