Artemisia princeps Inhibits Biofilm Formation and Virulence-Factor Expression of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria

Figure 4

Bactericidal effect of ethanol extract of A. princeps. Cultured MRSA was treated with high concentration (8–64 mg/mL) of A. princeps extract and stained with LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability Kit. The stained bacteria were observed confocal laser scanning microscopy. Treatment with ethanol extract of A. princeps decreased green-labeled living bacteria (SYTO 9 stain) and increased red-labeled dead bacteria (PI stain) in a dose-dependent manner. (a) Control; (b) 8 mg/mL; (c) 16 mg/mL; (d) 32 mg/mL; (e) 64 mg/mL; (f) positive control (0.1% NaF); Bar = 50 μm.

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