Incidence and Risk Factors of Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Noncardiac Chinese Patients: A Multicenter Observational Study in University Hospitals
Table 4
Distribution of results of independent variables in cohort 1.
Number of patients
Number (%) of patients with PPCs
P
Age, yr
<0.001
<59
670
65 (9.7)
≥60
232
47 (20.3)
ASA physical status
<0.001
1
464
20 (4.3)
2
380
77 (20.3)
3
54
13 (24.1)
4
3
1 (33.3)
5
1
1 (100.0)
Smokers
0.001
No
753
79 (10.5)
Yes
149
33 (22.1)
Respiratory infection in the last month
<0.001
No
886
101 (11.4)
Yes
16
11 (68.8)
Diabetes
0.001
No
846
97 (11.5)
Yes
56
15 (26.8)
COPD
<0.001
No
890
106 (11.9)
Yes
12
6 (50.0)
Cirrhosis
0.014
No
895
109 (12.2)
Yes
7
3 (42.9)
Stroke/transient ischaemic attack
0.001
No
887
106 (12.0)
Yes
15
6 (40.0)
Preoperative antibiotic use
<0.001
No
298
19 (6.4)
Yes
604
93 (15.4)
Preoperative SpO2, %
<0.001
≥96
845
92 (10.9)
<96
57
20 (35.1)
Preoperative anemia
0.007
No
837
97 (11.6)
Yes
65
15 (23.1)
Preoperative LOS, d
0.002
<2
126
5 (4.0)
≥2
776
107 (13.8)
Surgery site
<0.001
Peripheral
620
36 (5.8)
Abdominal
243
56 (23.0)
Intrathoracic
39
20 (51.3)
Anesthesia
<0.001
Regional
238
10 (4.2)
General
664
102 (15.4)
Intraoperative nasogastric tube
<0.001
No
847
85 (10.0)
Yes
55
27 (49.1)
Intraoperative bladder catheter
<0.001
No
466
28 (6.0)
Yes
436
84 (19.3)
Intraoperative central venous catheter
<0.001
No
821
85 (10.4)
Yes
81
27 (33.3)
Intraoperative blood loss, mL
<0.001
<100
636
32 (5.0)
≥100
266
80 (30.1)
Intraoperative blood transfusion
<0.001
No
875
102 (11.7)
Yes
27
10 (37.0)
Duration of surgery, h
<0.001
2 h
659
47 (7.1)
2 to 3 h
132
27 (20.5)
3 h
111
38 (34.2)
Postoperative SpO2, %
<0.001
≥96
891
101 (11.3)
<96
11
11 (100.0)
Postoperative leucocyte, 109/L
<0.001
4
6
2 (33.3)
4–10
665
47 (7.1)
10
231
63 (27.3)
Postoperative anemia
0.009
No
793
90 (11.3)
Yes
109
22 (20.2)
Postoperative fasting blood glucose, mmol/L
<0.001
≤6.1
778
50 (6.4)
>6.1
124
62 (50.0)
Postoperative creatinine, μmol/L
<0.001
115
872
99 (11.4)
115
30
13 (43.3)
Postoperative albumin, g/L
<0.001
<35
244
85 (34.8)
≥35
658
27 (4.1)
Postoperative ventilation
<0.001
No
878
97 (11.0)
Yes
24
15 (62.5)
Postoperative vasoactive drug
<0.001
No
893
105 (11.8)
Yes
9
7 (77.8)
Smoking: defined as patients who smoked up to 1 year before surgery; Anemia: defined as hemoglobin <100 g/L. PPCs: postoperative pulmonary complications; ASA: American society of anesthesiologists; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SpO2: saturation of peripheral oxygen; LOS: length of stay.
