New Insights in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Heart Failure

Table 1

Recent studies in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

Study	Type	Drug/comp.	Number of pts/Age	Outcome	Results
ARS	PoC	Finerenone (BAY 94-8862); (nonsteroidal MRA)	458/72	Safety and tolerability in chronic kidney disease versus spironolactone	Significantly lower incidences of hyperkalemia than spironolactone
ATMOSPHERE	Outcome	Aliskiren; (direct renin inhibitors)	7000	Cardiovascular death or HF hospitalization versus enalapril	Ongoing
LEPTH	Outcome	Riociguat (guanylate cyclase stimulator)	201/59	Change in mean pulmonary artery pressure	Not met but improved stroke volume and cardiac index and reduced pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance
SOCRATES-REDUCED	PoC	Vericiguat (guanylate cyclase stimulator)	410	Change in NT-proBNP	Ongoing
PARADIGM-HF	Outcome	LCZ696 (ARNI, angiotensin II receptor blocker and neprilysin inhibitor)	8442/63	Death from cardiovascular causes or a first hospitalization for heart failure	LCZ696 was superior to enalapril in reducing the risks of death and of hospitalization for heart failure
RED-HF	Outcome	Darbepoetin Alfa	2278/72	Death or hospitalization in patients with Hb (9.0–12.0 g/dL)	Not met but improved haemoglobin level
FAIR-HF	PoC	Intravenous iron (ferric carboxymaltose)	459/67	Self-reported Patient Global Assessment and NYHA functional class	Improvements in 6-minute walk test and quality of life assessment
ICHF	PoC	Intravenous iron (ferric carboxymaltose)		Improvement in LVEF	Ongoing
MOOD-HF	Outcome	Escitalopram (serotonin reuptake inhibitor)	700	Death or hospitalization	Ongoing

PoC, proof-of-concept.