Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Some Traditionally Used Medicinal Plants against Human Pathogenic Bacteria

Table 3

MIC (g/mL) of subfraction of ethanol extracts of Cynodon dactylon and reference antibiotics against bacteria.

Solvent system	Gram-negative bacteria										Gram-positive bacteria
	ESBL-EC	Ec	Vc	Cf	MDR-ST	Ecl	IRPA	Stm	Se	ESBL-KP	MRSA	Ef	Sa	Sp	Sal
n-Hexane	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	500	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Chloroform	250	63	—	—	—	125	—	500	—	—	63	—	31	—	—
n-Butanol	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	250	125	500	63	—	—
Water	—	—	500	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Gentamicin^a	64	<1	<1	32	<1	16	64	<1	<1	64	—	—	—	—	—
Vancomicin^b	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1

“—”: not tested because plant extracts did not show the inhibitory effect by agar-well diffusion method or not suitable to test (for reference drug); Cf: Citrobacter freundii; Ecl: Enterobacter cloacae; Ef: Enterococcus faecalis; Ec: Escherichia coli (25922); ESBL-EC: extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli; ESBL-KP: extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing-Klebsiella pneumoniae; IRPA: imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Sa: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923); MRSA: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Sal: Streptococcus agalactiae; Se: Salmonella enteritidis; Sp: Streptococcus pyogenes; MDR-ST: multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhi; Stm: Salmonella typhimurium; Vc: Vibrio cholerae; a and b: gentamicin and vancomycin were used as reference drugs for Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively.