Experimentally Induced Mammalian Models of Glaucoma

Table 1

Experimentally induced in vivo mammalian glaucoma models.

In vivo glaucoma models	Species	Main papers	Main outcomes measured	Cost	Limitation
Laser photocoagulation of the perilimbal region	Monkey	Gaasterland and Kupfer (1974) [11]	IOP, cupping, HR, HI, OF	Expensive (laser equipment)	Ocular inflammation; Irreversible mydriasis; Technical difficulties
	Mouse	Aihara et al. (2003) [19]; Mabuchi et al. (2003) [20]	IOP; IOP, HR		Ocular inflammation; Variability of IOP; Technical difficulties
	Rat	Levkovitch-Verbin et al. (2002) [42]	IOP, HR, HI		Hyphema, corneal opacity; Ocular inflammation
RBC injections into the anterior chamber	Monkey	Quigley and Addicks (1980) [12, 47]	IOP, HR, HI, OF		Low visibility of optic discs by accumulation of RBC or microbeads
Microbead injections into the anterior chamber	Rat; Mouse	Weber and Zelenak (2001) [48]; Pang et al. (2005) [40]; Sappington et al. (2010) [49]	IOP, HR, HI; IOP; IOP, HR, HI	Not expensive
Hyaluronic acid injection into the anterior chamber	Rat	Moreno et al. (2005) [51]	IOP, HR, HI, ERG
Episcleral vein obstruction	Rat	Shareef et al. (1995) [15]	IOP	Not expensive	Scleral thermal burns (RGC death patterns may be different from those of other glaucoma models)
	Mouse	Ruiz-Ederra and Verkman (2006) [54]	IOP, HR, OF
Episcleral vein saline injection	Rat; Mouse	Morrison et al. (1997) [14]; Kipfer-Kauer et al. (2010) [59]	IOP, HR, HI; IOP, HR	Not expensive	Technical difficulties

IOP: IOP measurement, cupping: assessment of optic disc cupping, HR: histological assessment of retinal nerve fibers and optic discs, HI: histological assessment of the iridocorneal angles, OF: outflow facility, ERG: electroretinography.